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Trabajan en un sustitutivo del formaldehído - Cocina Integral
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Trabajan en un sustitutivo del formaldehído


22/03/2016

La firma suiza AVA-CO2 ha puesto en marcha un proyecto de investigación para reemplazar el formaldehído, componente cacerígeno, por el biocompuesto 5-HMF.

La industria productora de resinas de base formaldehídica se enfrente a un reto importante. El de sustituir el formaldehído, en el punto de mira público y político por sus efectos cancerígenos sobre la salud humana.

El 6 de junio de 2014, se publicó en el Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea la directiva para la adaptación al progreso técnico y científico de la CLP (Clasificación, etiquetado y envasado), que clasifica al formaldehído como sustancia cancerígena y mutagénica de largo alcance y, en parte, con consecuencias inmediatas en una variedad de sectores de actividad, pero sobre todo en la industria del mueble.

Por este motivo, junto con el Instituto de Materiales y Tecnología de la Madera de la Universidad de Berna, la firma AVA-CO2 está trabajando en un proyecto de investigación patrocinado por la Comisión Suiza de Tecnología e Innovación (CTI) para reemplazar el formaldehido por una alternativa no perjudicial de base biológica química 5-HMF (5-hidroximetilfurfural).

El formaldehído es un compuesto básico fundamental para la industria química. En la Unión Europea aproximadamente se producen unos 10 millones de toneladas de esta sustancia cada año, (47 en todo el mundo). Para 2017 se prevé que la producción anual mundial de formaldehido alcance los 52 millones de toneladas. Una gran proporción de formaldehído sintetizado se utiliza en la producción de colas y resinas de impregnación para materiales a base de madera, y resinas adhesivas se utilizan también en la fabricación de madera contrachapada, paneles, listones y tableros de aglomerado (MDF y OSB), por lo que la industria del mueble es uno de sus principales consumidores.

En una serie de estudios en torno a la síntesis de resinas fenólicas (PF), resinas de melamina-formaldehído (MF) y resinas de urea (UF), el biocompuesto 5-HMF está siendo investigado como un posible sustituto para el formaldehído. El objetivo de estos estudios es reemplazar parcial o totalmente el formaldehído en los materiales pertinentes con el fin de reducir o eliminar por completo la liberación de formaldehído. La sustitución parcial de formaldehído con 5-HMF en estos productos puede, en parte, reducir drásticamente la liberación de formaldehído por medio de la reticulación. 

Sobre el 5-HMF
El 5-HMF es un producto químico de base biológica que contiene tanto un aldehído como un grupo funcional de alcohol. Las características especiales del 5-HMF ofrecen aplicaciones de amplio alcance en muchas industrias diferentes. 

El proyecto de investigación puede conducir a diversas maneras de emplear el 5-HMF como un sustituto inocuo para el formaldehído cancerígeno.

* Para más información: www.ava-co2.com